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Lipoaspirate, a wasted by product from liposuction procedure recently has been shown to contain abundant adipose-derived-mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). Mesenchymal stem cells have been studied in many research areas to regenerate many cell lineages. In addition, MSCs have immunomodulatory effect. This capability has been utilized in several clinical studies in hematopoetic stem cell and organ transplantation as a strategy to reduce the risk of Graft versus Host Disease (GvHD). It has been reported that the ‘stimulated’ MSC is able to secrete substances to suppress tissue rejection. One of the substances was known to be indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO).  A previous study has characterized the secretion of IDO by bone marrow-derived MSCs stimulated by an inflammatory mediator interferon gamma (IFNγ). Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase has been detected using Western blot analysis and by High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) assay. The aim of this study was to detect the presence of IDO in adipose-derived MSCs culture with and without INFγ stimulation. Our study showed that adipose-derived-MSC stimulated with IFN γ significantly secreted high level of IDO as detected by Enzyme-Linked Immuno Sorbent Assay (ELISA). Despite its property as a proinflammatory mediator, IFN γ has shown to be able to induce IDO secretion in MSC culture which suggests the immuno modulatory effect of MSC. This study clearly demonstrates the potential application of adipose-derived MSC in the immunomodulatory strategy for allogenic transplantation. 

Keyword : mesenchymal stem cell, indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase, IFNγ

A study on thalassemia patients in Jakarta was initiated to obtain a comprehensive of metabolic dysregulation, iron overload, oxidative stress, and cell damaged. This paper focuses on blood lipids from transfusion-dependent patients in an age range of 11-25 years (T) and another group of 9 frequently transfused (for at least 15 years) patiens aged 17-30 years (L). A third group comprises 6 patients (aged 4- 14 years) who had not yet obtained transfusions. The 20 controls (C) were voluntary students without diagnosis or clinical signs of thalassemia up to 30 years of age. The hematological results can be summarized that non-transfused thalassemia intermedia patients exert slight signs of oxidative stress, and increased hemoglobin degradation but no significant indication of tissue or cell damage. This picture differs considerably from transfusion-dependent thalassemia major patients and is even worse in long-term transfused patients : higly significant decrease in antixidants and thiols and tremendous iron overload and cell damage. Total cholesterol, HDL, and LDL are decreased, whereas triglyserides and ratios of total cholesterol or LDL to HDL are higher than in controls. Malondialdehyde, a byproduct of lipid peroxidation increases from controls <  N < T < L. The relation between plasma and red cell membranes is discussed.

Keyword : Thalasemia, blood lipid, oxidative stress

A study on thalassemia intermedia and major patients in Jakarta was initiated to obtain a comprehensive picture of metabolic dysregulation, iron overload, oxidative stress, and cell damage. Data are presented from a group of 14 transfusion-dependent patients in an age range of 11-25 years (T) and another group of 9 frequently transfused (for at least 15 years) patients aged 17-30 years (L). A third group comprises 6 patients (aged 7 to 14 years) who had not yet obtained transfusions (N). The 21 controls (C) were voluntary students without diagnosis or clinical signs of thalassemia up to 30 years of age. The study was approved by the Ethical Clearance Board of the Medical Faculty and all blood samples from controls and patients were obtained on fully informed consent. Levels of antioxidants (vitamins A, C, E and b-carotene) and reactive thiols are considerably decreased in transfused patients, whereas signs of iron overload and cell damage are increased (serum iron, ferritin, transferrin saturation, SGOT, SGPT, g-GT, bilirubin). Results can be summarized that non-transfused thalassemia intermedia patients exert slight signs of oxidative stress, and increased hemoglobin degradation but no significant indication of tissue or cell damage. This picture differs considerably from transfusion-dependent thalassemia major patients: highly significant decrease in antioxidants and thiols and tremendous iron overload and cell damage. The picture is even worsened in long-term transfused patients. Iron chelation after transfusion is not sufficient in Indonesia, because it is normally (with few exceptions) applied only once together with transfusion. Hence, one major reason of the bad condition of transfusion-dependent thalassemia patients in Indonesia appears to be frequent transfusions (on the average one per month) and insufficient chelation of one treatment per month together with transfusion.

Keyword :Thalassemia major, thalassemia intermedia, iron status, transfusion, oxidative stress.

Likopen adalah suatu senyawa golongan karotenoid yang ditemukan terutama pada buah tomat (Solanum lycopersicum). Kemampuan antioksidan likopen lebih kuat dari senyawa antioksidan lain seperti α-tokoferol dan senyawa karotenoid lain. Senyawa murni likopen dipasaran cukup mahal, dan  proses isolasi likopen dari tumbuhan harus melalui prosedur yang cukup rumit dan sulit, sementara pemanfaatan likopen langsung dari buah pun tidak praktis dalam pembuatan sediaan antioksidan, maka pada penelitian ini dilakukan pembuatan crude likopen dari buah tomat dan penentuan daya antioksidannya.

Cara pembuatan crude likopen yaitu jus buah tomat dimaserasi dengan metanol dilanjutkan dengan ekstraksi cair-cair menggunakan air dan kloroform. Fase kloroform dipekatkan dan dikentalkan, diperoleh crude likopen dengan rendemen 0,3%. Metode pengujian antioksidan adalah berdasarkan kemampuan ekstrak dalam meredam radikal bebas 1,1-difenil-2-pikrilhidrazil (DPPH) yang diukur menggunakan spektrofotometer  UV-Visible. Diperoleh nilai EC₅₀ crude likopen adalah 372 µg/mL.

           Pembuatan crude likopen ini cukup sederhana dan dihasilkan senyawa dengan daya antioksidan yang kuat, sehingga dapat dilanjutkan sebagai bahan untuk pembuatan sediaan antioksidan.