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OBJECTIVES. To investigate the anti-cancer properties of the ethylacetate fraction of Indonesian propolis in mouse mammary tumor induced by transplantation.
METHODS. Thirty two C3H mice divided into Thirty two C3H mice were randomly assignedinto 3 groups i.e. control and 2 groups of mice orally treated
with ethylacetate fraction of propolis, Dl (500mg/kgBW) and D2 (1000mg/kgBW) for 30 consecutive days, after tumor transplantation. Body weight and tumor
volume were periodically measured every week. Tumor weight was measured after the animal was sacrificed, fixed in formaldehyde and embedded in paraffin for
histological preparation. The proliferation activity of tumor cell was examined by counting the AgNOR deposits detected after colloidal AgNOR staining. Index
apoptosis was assessed by mean of Tunel method, and the width of necrotic area was identified by hematoxyllen eosin of the histological specimen. RESULTS. The
result of analysis of variants showed that there were statistical differences in tumor volume, tumor weights, AgNOR values and in the necrotic area among control
and the three treated groups (p>0,05), except in the index apoptosis between control and D3 groups (p<0,05). CONCLUSION. It can be concluded that oral
administration of 2 doses of ethylcetate fraction dose for 30 consecutive days prevents the C3H mouse mammary tumor growth induced by transplantation
(p>0,05) but there was increased apoptosis in the group receiving the ethylacetate fraction of propolis dose 500mg/kgBW (p<0,05).

Propolis from Indonesia is widely used in traditional medicine and is reported to have a broad spectrum of pharmacological activities. However nothing is known
about its toxicity. The objective of this study was to evaluate the acute and subchronic toxicity of the potential ethylacetate extract of Indonesian propolis in mice.
The acute toxicity LD50 was estimated to be 14,8597g/kgBW. In the subchronic toxicity, there was no mortality recorded among the animals when varyng doses
of the fraction (500 and 1000mg/kg-1body weight) were administered orally for 36 days consecutively. The weekly body weight of the mice showed no significant
differences between the control and the mice treated with the fraction except on the last week (day 36). There was neither any gros lession nor histopathological
changes observed in organs examined. These finding suggest that the fraction of propolis could be relatively safe when administered orally in mice.

Uji Toksisitas Subkronik Ekstrak Eatanol Kulit Batang Jaloh (Salix tetrasperma Roxb) Terhadap Parameter Fungsi dan Gambaran Histopatologi Organ Ginjal Tikus

Ros Sumarny, Sugito, Eko, Andri

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Subchronic Toxicity Effect of Formalin Residue in Fish on The Mouse Liver

Jovita Tri Murtini, Yeni Pratiwi Puspitasari, Ros Sumarny

Abstract

Research on subchronic toxicity effect of formalin residue in fish on the mouse liver has been done. This research was aimed to give scientific explanation concerning illegal application of formalin in food products, including fish. Formalin is harmful and thereby is banned to be used as perservative agent. However, in some places formalin is apllied to extend the shelf life of either fresh or processed  fish products. In term of the research treatments, the mice were divided into four groups : negative control, 1^st dosage  (formalin residue 3 ppm), 2^nd dosage (formalin residue 6 ppm), 3^rd dosage  (formalin residue 12 ppm), each group was tested on 18 mice. Blood and histopatology analysis were conducted every 2 weeks for 6 weeks. The research resulted that GOT concentration highly increased in the 2^nd week and GPT concentration highly increased in the 4^th week, while there was no decreasing GPT and GOT concentration during 2 weeks recovery. Increasing formalin concentration in fish meal caused the increase of GOT and GPT level. The histopatology analysis showed that mouse liver cell degerenated in the  2^nd week at the residue of 3 ppm and necroted at formalin residue of 6 ppm and 12 ppm. After 2 weeks recovery, there was no indication of mouse liver recovery.

Keywords: subchronic toxicity, formalin residue, fish mouse liver.  

Due to the development of biomolecular science eg.overexpression genes, genes that cause diseases can be identified. Based on this fact, researchers developed a therapeutic strategy by inhibiting the gene expression using oligonucleotide antisense. Therapy using oligonucleotide antisense was based on a natural process of gene expression. Spesific artificial antisense will match complementary with DNA and mRNA. By this process the transcription will stop. The effort of therapy is relatively new but a few have been cartried out in clinical trial phase. Obstacles are encountered in reaching the target cell by oligonucleotide antisense.

Keyword : oligonucleotide, antisense, gene expression, therapy