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 Indonesia is currently encouraging its physical, social and economy development.

Physical development for economic development have to be supported by energy availability. 

For Indonesia, 90% of electrification ratio is still become an important task that has to be

completed by the Government. However, the effort to increase electrification can become an

environmental problem if it’s  done with BAU s cenario. The by -product of electric generation 

is the GHG, which increasing every year since 2006 from various sectors i.e. industry,  housing,

commercial, transportation, and energy. Net Zero Energy Building (NZEB) is an energy

efficient building which can produce energy independently from clean and renewable sources. 

The energy that is generated by NZEB can be used for the building its elf, and can be exported

to the central grid. The integration of NZEB and Smart Grid can s olve today’s  is s ue on

electrification ratio. Literature study will find benchmarks which can be applied in Indonesia 

along with possible obstacles in applying this technology. 

Housing development, as part of the economic development must be supported by

energy availability in order to obtain a sustainable growth. One of the approaches to

support the renewable energy promotions is designing and building energy efficient

housing. However, optimal design of energy efficient buildings is facing two

conflicting requirements, namely cost effective consideration and minimum

environmental impact. The high costs from energy efficient building such as the Near 

Zero Energy House (nZEH) is due to high price of materials and equipment used, such

as solar panel, insulation and other supporting materials. Indonesia is situatued at the

equator and received sunlight throughout the year. Nonetheless, this potential has not

been fully discovered due to the high cost of the solar generated energy technology for

housing. Moreover, this technology is not integrated with the main electricity network.

Thus, the objective of this study is to identify the design variables for nZEH that suit

the tropical climate condition in Indonesia. Experiments and Case Study are used for

the study, and the validated design variables for nZEH, which includes building

orientation, PV, fenestration, and passive design, will be the basis for optimum nZEH

design. 

Keywords: Near Zero Energy House, Energy, Tropical Climate, Indonesia 

The needs of micro-scale power plant for small and middle residential or industry are beginning to increase, especially for continuous power generation in remote area, emergency standby and peak shaving. There are several types of micro-scale power plant commonly used, such as micro-steam turbine, micro-hydro turbine, micro-gas turbine (MGT), etc. Among those micro-scale power plant, MGT has the highest performance. Therefore, it is a promising technology to develop. In MGT, an automotive turbocharger could be used as the gas generator or and the turbine because it has a compact structure, light weight and commercially available.

In order to design a micro-gas turbine, it is necessary to find the optimum design of compressors such as the outlet compressor diameter, the combustion chamber and turbine. This paper describes the analysis of fluid flow in a micro-gas turbine that used an automotive turbocharger as the compressor and the turbine of MGT to generate electric power by using Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG). Three variations of compressor outlet diameter were developed and analyzed. The analysis shows that the compressor outlet diameter of 30 mm has a better velocity distribution, higher Mach number and higher turbulent intensity among other variants. The combustion chamber and the turbine also analyzed by using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD). The combustion chamber analysis indicates that the combustion of C3H8 and the air were mixed perfectly with maximum chamber temperature of 905.56 K. Meanwhile the turbine analysis indicates that the turbine rotated with a speed of 4087.96 m/s.

Interleukins and VEGF secretome of  human wharton’s Jelly mesenchymal stem cells-conditioned conditioned  (hwjmscs-CM) in different passages and CM) in different passages and CM) in different passages and CM) in different passages  and oxygen tensions

Wahyu Widowati1*, Halida Widyastuti2, Harry Murti2, Dian Ratih Laksmitawati3, Hanna Sari W Kusuma4, Rizal Rizal4, Ervi Afifah4, Sutiman B. Sumitro5, M. Aris Widodo6, Indra Bachtiar2
1Medical Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Maranatha Christian University, Jl. Prof drg. Suria Sumantri No.65, Bandung 40164, West Java, Indonesia
2Stem Cell and Cancer Institute, Jl A Yani no 2 Pulo Mas, Jakarta 13210, Indonesia
3Faculty of Pharmacy, Pancasila University, Jagakarsa, Jakarta, Indonesia
4Biomolecular and Biomedical Research Center, Aretha Medika Utama, Jl. Babakan Jeruk II no. 9, Bandung 40163, West Java, Indonesia
5Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Brawijaya University, Jl. Veteran, Malang 65145, East Java, Indonesia
6Pharmacology Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, Brawijaya University, Malang 65145, East Java, Indonesia
.
*Correspondence: wahyu_w60@yahoo.com Accepted: 20 Sep. 2017 Published online: 07 Nov. 2017

Abstract
Human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) are powerful tools for tissue engineering in regenerative medicine. Human Wharton’s jelly mesenchymal stem cell-conditioned medium (hWJMSCs-CM) is medium harvested from hWJMSCs, which has been used in patients with myocardial infarction, heart failure and peripheral, vascular disease, containing various types of metabolites, proteins, mediator materials and it has properties anticancer, wound healing and anti-aging. In our previous research, hWJMSCs-CM cultured in normoxic and hypoxic condition exhibited anticancer activities toward cervical, ovarian, breast, liver, prostate and oral squamous cancer cells. The variety of the molecules in CM secretome is affected by types and numbers of cells, different condition, different passage, culture medium and condition. This research objective is to measure the growth factor and cytokines in hWJMSCs-CM cultured in normoxic and hypoxic condition (2.5%; 5% O2) from early passage (P4) and late passage (P8). The CM characteristic affected bioavailabilities and bioactivities. The hWJMSCs were isolated from umbilical cord of three women after full-term births. The secretome was measured including interleukin (IL)-1α, IL-6, IL-8 and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in both of normoxic and hypoxic oxygen tension, in early (P4) and late passage (P8). ). hWJMSCs secreted IL-1α in CM 2.75-4.85 pg/mL, IL-6 in CM 1,194.46-3,463.72 pg/mL, IL-8 in CM 2,049.63-6,322.30 pg/mL, VEGF in CM 24.96-51.86 pg/mL. These findings suggested that oxygen tension and passage condition affect cytokines and growth factor secretion, and revealed that hypoxic condition and late passage increase cytokines and growth factor level
Keywords: hWJMSCs, hypoxic, normoxic, cytokines, cconditioned medium, cancer

http://www.isisn.org/BR-14-2017/776-787-14(4)2017BR-1554.pdf

Conditioned medium from normoxia
(WJMSCs-norCM) and hypoxia-treated
WJMSCs (WJMSCs-hypoCM) in inhibiting
cancer cell proliferation
Wahyu Widowati a,*, Laura Wijaya b, Harry Murti b,
Halida Widyastuti b, Dwi Agustina b, Dian Ratih Laksmitawati c,
Nurul Fauziah d, Sutiman B. Sumitro e, M. Aris Widodo f,
Indra Bachtiar b,**
a Medical Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Maranatha Christian University, Bandung, West Java,
Indonesia
b Stem Cell and Cancer Institute, Jakarta, Indonesia
c Faculty of Pharmacy, Pancasila University, Jakarta, Indonesia
d Biomolecular and Biomedical Research Center, Aretha Medika Utama, Bandung, West Java, Indonesia
e Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Brawijaya University, Malang, East Java, Indonesia
f Pharmacology Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, Brawijaya University, Malang, East Java, Indonesia

Abstract Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have unique properties, including high proliferation
rates, self-renewal, multilineage differentiation ability, wide multipotency, hypoimmunogenicity,
noninduction of teratomas, and anticancer properties. MSCs can be isolated from embryonic
and extraembryonic tissues as well as adult organs. Human Wharton’s jelly stem cellconditioned
medium possesses anticancer properties and inhibits the growth of solid tumors.
Lower oxygen concentration or hypoxic condition can increase the proliferation of MSCs, but
there are no differences in surface markers. We determined the osteocyte, chondrocyte,
and adipocyte differentiation of normoxic WJMSCs (nor-WJMSCs) and hypoxic 2.5%, hypoxic
5% (hypo-WJMSCs); from a different passage (P4 and P8), we determined the inhibitory
effect of WJMSCs-norCM and WJMSCs-hypoCM on the proliferation of human cancer cells
including cervical (HeLa), liver (HepG2), prostate (pc3), ovarian (skov3), and oral squamous
(hsc3) cancer cell lines compared to normal cells including mouse fibroblast (NIH3T3), human

KEYWORDS
anticancer; conditioned medium; hypoxic; normoxic; Wharton’s jelly mesenchymal stemcells

http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bgm.2014.08.008